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Source text - Chinese 转基因技术在粮食品种方面的应用,一直是备受争议的话题。3月8日,全国人大代表、中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院院长程恩富接受和讯网访谈时称,转基因粮食的生产安全尚不确定,我国更不具备转基因方面的技术优势。全国人大需要就转基因粮食品种的商业化生产,以及加强对转基因粮食和工业原料的进口、经销环节监管进行立法。
程恩富说,粮食安全是国家经济安全的基石之一。 粮食安全不仅是数量方面的安全,也包括质量方面的安全。从质量方面看,粮食安全的核心之一是粮食种子的安全。 现有的科学研究和实践表明,转基因种子退化问题目前还没有完全解决。例如,我国1997年从美国孟山都公司引进的第一代 “转基因抗虫棉”,转基因籽棉、皮棉的转化率数年后就下降到34%左右,低于常规棉。
如果转基因技术被应用于我国的粮食生产,风险将难以估量。这是因为转基因作物存在基因污染等增殖、扩散及清除途径不确定因素,并且其种子完全靠生物公司供给。
程恩富举例说, 我国正在申请商业化种植及在研的8个转基因水稻品系,没有任何一种拥有独立的自主知识产权,这些专利分别属于孟山都、拜耳和杜邦三家跨国生物公司。如果这种具有价格优势的转基因水稻一旦被大规模种植,我国自有的传统的优良粮食品种必然会被逐渐淘汰。显然,现阶段匆忙推广和种植转基因粮食品种,难以说能增强我国的经济安全。
Translation - English The application of genetic engineering in food has always been highly controversial. Mr. Cheng En-fu, deputy to the National People’s Congress, director of the Academy of Marxism at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, in an interview with hexun.com on March 8, said that the reliable production of genetically modified (GM) food is still uncertain, and that China lacks the technological edge for genetic engineering. The National People’s Congress will need to legislate the commercial production of GM grain varieties, imported GM food and GM industrial raw materials, and the retail regulation of GM products, with a particular emphasis on the last two.
Mr. Cheng averred that food security is a cornerstone of national economic security. Food security entails security in terms of not just quantity, but also quality, a core component of which is the security of grain seeds. Current scientific research and practice have shown that the problem of seed degradation remains unresolved. Imported in 1997 from the American company, Monsanto, the first generation of GM cotton with pest-resistance or Bt cotton, GM seed cotton and ginned cotton saw a decline in genetic transformation rate to approximately 34% after the first few years, lower than that of regular cotton.
The application of genetic engineering technology in China’s domestic food production will be fraught with immeasurable risks, because GM crops are supplied exclusively by biotechnology companies and are associated with the uncertainties of gene pollution, gene amplification, gene flow and gene deletion.
For instance, Mr. Cheng pointed out, no one holds exclusive independent intellectual property rights for the eight rice varieties being researched in China or for which China has applied for commercial cultivation. The patents belong to three multinational biotechnology companies, Monsanto, Bayer and Dupont. These competitively-priced GM rice, once in large-scale cultivation, will phase out China’s improved traditional grain varieties. The hasty promotion and cultivation of GM grain varieties will hardly strengthen China’s economic security.
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Years of experience: 6. Registered at ProZ.com: Aug 2019.