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Military commissariat (Russian: Военный комиссариат), abbreviated as voyenkomat (voenkomat) is а local military administrative agency in the former Soviet Union as well as in present-day Russia and some other CIS countries that prepares and executes plans for military mobilization, maintains records on military manpower and economic resources available to the armed forces, provides premilitary training, drafts men for military service, organizes reserves for training, and performs other military functions at the local level.

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Note added at 9 час (2009-12-23 20:22:41 GMT)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_commissariat

military (draft registration) commissariat, conscription office

Русско-английский военный словарь Russian/English Military Dictionary FBIS - Foreign Broadcast Information Service

This is one way -


or military conscription office, but all conscription of individuals should be military



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Russia

Conscription in Russia is presently a 12 month draft, mandatory for all male citizens age 18-27, with a number of exceptions. The mandatory term of service was reduced from 18 months at the beginning of 2008....

Late Soviet Union

The late Soviet Armed Forces were manned by mandatory draft (with some exceptions) for all able-bodied males for 2 years (3 years in the Navy), based on a 1967 law. A bi-annual call-up in spring and fall was introduced then, replacing the annual draft in fall. The conscripts were normally sent to serve far away from their place of residence....

Russian Federation

As of 2007, Russian Federation had a mandatory 12 months draft for men, but a significant portion of Russians of conscript age tries to avoid it, mostly because of specific code of violence which has developed in the army since 1970s called Dedovshchina and also pretty poor conditions in Russian Army, which makes large number of conscript-age Russian youth worry about their health or even lives while in the army. The most widely used ways to avoid the military service are:

* Studying in a university or similar place. All full-time students are free from conscription, but they can be drafted after they graduate (or if they drop out). Graduated students serve one year as privates,....

* Just not going to a draft station – draft-dodging. This sometimes can be a criminal offence, punishable by up to two years in prison. Russian police and military draft boards often perform conscription through detention....

* There are other legal (described in the law) and illegal ways to evade the draft.

In Russia, a person can be conscripted at the age 18 – 27, i.e. a man can't be drafted after he turns twenty-seven.



http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Conscription

Main Entry: con·scrip·tion
Pronunciation: \kən-ˈskrip-shən\
Function: noun
Date: 1800

: compulsory enrollment of persons especially for military service : draft



http://www.answers.com/topic/conscription

Law Encyclopedia: Conscription

This entry contains information applicable to United States law only.

Compulsory enrollment and induction into the military service.

Conscription is commonly known as the draft, but the concepts are not exactly the same. Conscription is the compulsory induction of individuals into the armed services, whereas the draft is the procedure by which individuals are chosen for conscription. At present, men within a certain age group must register with the Selective Service for possible conscription, but conscription itself was suspended in 1973.

Conscription first came into use as a legal term in France in 1798. It derives from the Latin conscriptionem, which refers to the gathering of troops by written orders, and conscribere, which means "to put a name on a list or roll, especially a list of soldiers." A person who becomes a member of the armed forces through the process of conscription is called a conscript.

Conscription typically involves individuals who are deemed fit for military service. At times, however, governments have instituted universal military service, in which all men or all people of a certain age are conscripted.

Most governments use conscription at some time, usually when the voluntary enlistment of soldiers fails to meet military needs. Conscription by national governments became widespread in Europe during the nineteenth century.


http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=conscript

Noun

* S: (n) draftee, conscript, inductee (someone who is drafted into military service)

Verb

* S: (v) conscript (enroll into service compulsorily) "The men were conscripted"



conscription versus enlistment -


http://public.findlaw.com/library/pa-military-law.html

Enlistment - Voluntary entry into one of the armed services other than as a commissioned officer.


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enlistment as enticements/encouragements to individuals to enter or to continue military service of their own free will


http://www.military.com/benefits/military-pay/enlistment-and...

Enlistment and Reenlistment Bonuses

In addition to pay, there are two types of bonuses that encourage soldiers to start and/or stay in the service. The following is a summary of the bonuses servicemembers are eligible to receive:

* Enlistment Bonus
* Reenlistment Bonus
* Refund of Bonuses

Enlistment Bonus

There are many benefits to joining the Armed Forces, but few directly affect your pay as much as enlistment bonuses. In fact, if you enlist in military you may be eligible for up to $40,000 in cash bonuses.

Your actual bonus will depend on the service branch, specific job specialty – also known as a rating (Navy), AFCS (Air Force), or MOS (Army and Marine Corps) - and length of enlistment contract. Only the U.S. Military offers high school graduates these types of signing bonuses.
Reenlistment Bonus

If you are an armed forces servicemember you may be eligible for a reenlistment bonus, provided: ....


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In sum, compulsory military service/conscription is the reality of the военкомат more than is the case for voluntary enlistment